Diagnóstico histopatológico de lesões orais provenientes da mesorregião agreste do estado de Pernambuco / Diagnóstico histopatológico de lesiones orales de la mesorregión agreste del estado de Pernambuco / Histopathological diagnosis of oral lesions from the agreste mesoregion of Pernambuco state

Resumo Introdução e Objetivos: Os laboratórios de patologia oral de universidades têm procurado caracterizar e quantificar a prevalência de lesões que são obtidas nas biópsias, para que assim, seja possível estabelecer o perfil dos casos do acervo deste serviços. O presente trabalho objetivou analisar os diagnósticos histológicos de biópsias solicitados por profissionais estabelecidos e serviços localizados na região do agreste meridional do estado de Pernambuco ao laboratório de patologia oral da UFPE. Materiais e métodos: Tratou-se um estudo retrospectivo em que foram analisadas todas as fichas de requisição de exames anatomopatológicos e seus respectivos laudos emitidos pelo Laboratório de Patologia Oral da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco no período de 17 anos - março de 2000 a março de 2017. Resultados: Das 6000 fichas clínicas, 11,4% provieram da mesorregião do Agreste Pernambucano. 42% destas peças foram provenientes da cidade Caruaru, sendo os processos proliferativos não neoplásicos o grupo de lesão mais frequente (43,9%), seguido pelo grupo de patologia inflamatória das glândulas salivares (12%) e lesões cancerizáveis (7,3%). O sexo feminino foi o mais afetado em 64,7% dos casos, com média de idade dos pacientes de 45 anos. Conclusão: A mesorregião agreste de Pernambuco carece de laboratórios especializados no diagnóstico histológico de lesões orais. Na amostra estudada, mulheres e processos proliferativos não neoplásicos foram os mais prevalentes.

Resumen Introducción y objetivo: Los laboratorios de patología oral de las universidades han tratado de caracterizar y cuantificar la prevalencia de las lesiones que se obtienen en las biopsias, de modo que sea posible establecer el perfil de los casos a partir de la recopilación de estos servicios. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar los diagnósticos histológicos de biopsias solicitados por profesionales y servicios establecidos ubicados en la región agreste del estado de Pernambuco al laboratorio de patología oral de la UFPE. Materiales y métodos: Este fue un estudio retrospectivo que analizó todos los archivos de solicitud de exámenes patológicos y sus respectivos informes emitidos por el Laboratorio de Patología Oral de la Universidad Federal de Pernambuco de 17 años, del marzo de 2000 al marzo de 2017. Resultados: De los 6000 registros clínicos, el 11,4% provino de la mesorregión agreste de Pernambucano. El 42% de estas piezas provienen de la ciudad de Caruaru, siendo los procesos proliferativos no neoplásicos el grupo de lesiones más frecuente (43,9%), seguido por el grupo de patología inflamatoria de las glándulas salivales (12%) y el grupo de lesiones com potencial de cancerización (7,3%). Las mujeres fueron las más afectadas en el 64,7% de los casos, con una edad media de 45 años. Conclusión: La mesorregión agreste de Pernambuco carece de laboratorios especializados en el diagnóstico histológico de lesiones orales. En la muestra estudiada, las mujeres y los procesos proliferativos no neoplásicos fueron los más prevalentes.

Abstract Introduction and Objective: The oral pathology laboratories of universities have sought to characterize and quantify the prevalence of lesions that are obtained on biopsies, in aim to analyze the histological diagnoses of biopsies requested by established professionals and services located in agreste region of Pernambuco state demanded by the oral pathology laboratory of UFPE. Materials and methods: This was a retrospective study that analyzed all the request files for pathological exams and their respective reports issued by the Oral Pathology Laboratory of the Federal University of Pernambuco from 17 years - March 2000 to March 2017. Results: Of the 6000 clinical records, 11.4% came from the agreste mesoregion from Pernambuco. 42% of these pieces came from Caruaru, with non-neoplastic proliferative processes being the most frequent lesion group (43.9%), followed by the salivary glands inflammatory pathology group (12%) and cancerous lesions group (7.3%). Females were the most affected in 64.7% of cases, with a mean age of 45 years. Conclusion: The agreste mesoregion of Pernambuco lacks specialized laboratories in the histological diagnosis of oral lesions. In the sample studied, women and non-neoplastic proliferative processes were the most prevalent.

Knowledge and Attitudes of Primary Health Care Dentists Regarding Oral Cancer in Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of dentists working in Primary Health Care Units from a Brazilian city, regarding oral cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective, cross-sectional, epidemiologic survey was performed. Seventy-one dentists from Primary Health Care Units were contacted at their workplace, and participated of the study. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire of 31 multiple-choice questions addressing the main clinical features and risk factors for oral cancer. The questionnaire was divided into two sections: questions related to general data and self-perception of the participants regarding personal knowledge of oral cancer, and objective questions related to general information on oral cancer (clinical features, characteristics, traits, and risk factors). The data were tabulated and analyzed by descriptive statistics. RESULTS: Participants were mostly females (81.5%), less than 40 years of age (57.7%), who underwent training 10-20 years ago (47.9%). Most respondents (66.2%) considered their level of knowledge about oral cancer to be satisfactory. However, only 26.8% of tem felt that they were able to carry out diagnostic procedures for oral cancer. Most of them (95.8%) were interested in participating in training courses on Oral Diagnostics; 56.3% of them reported not having received any training or guidance on how to conduct an examination to detect oral cancer during undergraduate training. CONCLUSIONS: These findings are consistent with previous reports and point to the need for new public policies to enable early diagnosis of oral cancer and a review of training in Oral Diagnostics in dental schools.

Comparison of the effects of the CO2 laser and chlorohexidine on the decontamination of infected cutaneous wounds: a histologic study in rats.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare histologically the effects of CO2 laser and chlorohexidine gluconate (4%) on Staphylococcus aureus-infected cutaneous wounds. BACKGROUND DATA: Wound infection constitutes a big risk for patients, and it is usually associated with increased morbidity, mortality and hospital costs. It is accepted that local treatment of these infections is effective. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Standardized wounds created on the dorsum of 36 rats were infected with Staphylococcus aureus and treated during 6 days as follows: group I, chlorohexidine gluconate (4%) applied to the wound surface during 1 min during 6 days; group II, single CO2 laser irradiation (8 W, CW, unfocused, 8-cm focal distance, 81,530 W/cm(2)), maintaining surface debris; group III, single CO2 laser irradiation (8 W, CW, unfocused, 8-cm focal distance, 81,530 W/cm(2)), removing the surface debris. Seven days after wounding, the animals were killed and specimens taken for light microscopy. RESULTS: On control wounds, epithelial ulceration and neutrophylic and lymphoplasmocitary inflammatory infiltrate was observed. On group II, there was epithelial hyperplasia, areas of ulceration and intense neutrophylic and lymphoplasmocitary inflammatory infiltrate. In group III, there was a neutrophylic inflammatory infiltrate underneath the surface debris and below that intense lymphoplasmocitary inflammatory infiltrate. When the surface debris was removed (group IV), there was epithelial ulceration and mild lymphoplasmocitary inflammatory infiltrate and fibroblasts and collagen fibers. CONCLUSION: The results of this study show that infected wounds treated with 4% chlorohexidine show a more pronounced inflammatory reaction when compared to that observed when the CO2 laser is used, especially when surface debris are removed; surface debris removal on laser-treated wounds results in better and more rapid healing; the surface debris may act as a culture medium for bacterial growth or, because of its characteristics, it may act as a local irritant and delay healing.

Using Novafil: would it make suturing easier? / Uso do Novafil: isto facilitará a execução da sutura?

The use of monofilament nonabsorbable suture materials is not common in dentistry. Althought it is known that multifilaments suture materials induce greater cellular reaction, most dentist prefer to use cotton and silk. Rigidity and package memory are desadvantage of monofilament nonabsorbable suture materials. A new material, Polybutester (Novafil), has been used successfully in medicine but its use is not common in dentistry. Seventy male and male Wistar rats were used to study the clinical response of skin and abdominal wall muscle to the use Novafil and nylon sutures. Under general anesthesia, standard wounds were created in the dorsum and abdoman of the animals and sutured with either Novafil or nylon. The animals were sacrificed immediately, 12, 24, and 72 hours and at 4, 5 and 7 days to evaluate the clinical aspect of both wounds. Polybutester presented some adventages such as strength, lack of package memory, elasticity and flexebility which made suturing quicker and easier. Some subjects presented abdminal wound edema during the period and 6 animals developed infection of abdominal wounds within seven days. These initial findings show that Novafil easy to handle and would be better tolerated in the mouth than nylon resulting in less discomfort for the patient. Novafil can be used safely on skin and mucosal wounds and, if necessary, it can be used in internal sutures because it irritates less than nylon